The Integral Role of Green Infrastructure in Modern Urban Planning Paragraph 1 Urban green infrastructure (UGI) represents a strategic network of natural and semi-natural areas meticulously designed to deliver a wide range of ecosystem services. It integrates ecological principles into urban design, aiming to counteract the environmental degradation often associated with dense urbanisation. UGI components are intentionally planned to provide environmental, social, and economic benefits, enhancing the resilience and liveability of cities. Paragraph 2 Among the diverse elements of UGI, several stand out for their particular efficacy. One such component, frequently installed on building tops, offers significant advantages in managing rainwater runoff and mitigating the urban heat island effect through evaporative cooling. These installations often feature a layer of vegetation grown over a waterproofing membrane, providing insulation to buildings and creating habitats for urban wildlife. Paragraph 3 Another form of UGI focuses on managing stormwater at a smaller, more distributed scale. These landscaped depressions are designed to collect and absorb rainwater from impervious surfaces, helping to filter pollutants before water enters drainage systems. They are typically planted with native vegetation tolerant to both wet and dry conditions, contributing to local biodiversity and aesthetic appeal within neighbourhoods. Paragraph 4 Furthermore, linear, vegetated channels are increasingly employed along roadsides and other paved areas. These features are specifically engineered to slow down and filter stormwater runoff, removing sediments and contaminants as water infiltrates the soil. Their design often incorporates a gently sloped base and appropriate vegetation to maximise pollutant removal and flood control in high-traffic zones. Paragraph 5 Finally, extensive areas of cultivated or natural land within metropolitan boundaries serve multiple functions beyond mere aesthetics. They are crucial for large-scale biodiversity preservation, offer significant recreational opportunities for residents, and play a pivotal role in improving overall air quality. Their substantial tree canopy cover contributes significantly to cooling ambient temperatures across wider urban expanses, thereby combating the urban heat island effect on a broader scale. Questions 1-5 Match each feature with the correct green infrastructure component, A-D. Write the correct letter, A-D, next to questions 1-5. NB You may use any letter more than once. Features 1. Is typically a sunken, landscaped area aimed at local water absorption. 2. Acts as an insulating layer for structures on which it is installed. 3. Provides widespread recreational facilities and improves air quality over broad areas. 4. Designed primarily as a linear element for roadside water management. 5. Is effective in creating habitats for urban wildlife on elevated surfaces. Green Infrastructure Components A. Green roofs B. Rain gardens C. Bioswales D. Urban parks